NgRx Store (Classique)

NgRx implémente le patron Redux pour Angular. L'état est immuable ; les modifications se font via des actions dispatchées vers des reducers.

Installation

npm install @ngrx/store @ngrx/effects @ngrx/store-devtools

Concepts fondamentaux

Concept	Rôle
Store	Source unique de vérité ; contient tout l'état de l'application
Action	Décrit ce qui s'est passé ([Source] Événement)
Reducer	Fonction pure : (état, action) → nouvel état
Selector	Projection mémoïsée de l'état
Effect	Gère les effets secondaires (HTTP, routage) déclenchés par des actions

Actions

import { createAction, props } from '@ngrx/store';

export const loadAlbums = createAction('[Album] Charger');
export const loadAlbumsSuccess = createAction(
  '[Album] Chargement réussi',
  props<{ albums: Album[] }>()
);
export const loadAlbumsFailure = createAction(
  '[Album] Échec du chargement',
  props<{ error: string }>()
);

Reducer

import { createReducer, on } from '@ngrx/store';

export interface AlbumState {
  albums: Album[];
  loading: boolean;
  error: string | null;
}

const initialState: AlbumState = { albums: [], loading: false, error: null };

export const albumReducer = createReducer(
  initialState,
  on(loadAlbums, state => ({ ...state, loading: true })),
  on(loadAlbumsSuccess, (state, { albums }) => ({ ...state, albums, loading: false })),
  on(loadAlbumsFailure, (state, { error }) => ({ ...state, error, loading: false }))
);

Sélecteurs

import { createFeatureSelector, createSelector } from '@ngrx/store';

const selectAlbumState = createFeatureSelector<AlbumState>('albums');

export const selectAllAlbums = createSelector(selectAlbumState, s => s.albums);
export const selectLoading    = createSelector(selectAlbumState, s => s.loading);

Effets

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Actions, createEffect, ofType } from '@ngrx/effects';
import { switchMap, map, catchError, of } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable()
export class AlbumEffects {
  load$ = createEffect(() =>
    this.actions$.pipe(
      ofType(loadAlbums),
      switchMap(() =>
        this.albumService.getAlbums().pipe(
          map(albums => loadAlbumsSuccess({ albums })),
          catchError(err => of(loadAlbumsFailure({ error: err.message })))
        )
      )
    )
  );

  constructor(private actions$: Actions, private albumService: AlbumService) {}
}

Câblage (app.config.ts)

import { provideStore } from '@ngrx/store';
import { provideEffects } from '@ngrx/effects';
import { provideStoreDevtools } from '@ngrx/store-devtools';

export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [
    provideStore({ albums: albumReducer }),
    provideEffects([AlbumEffects]),
    provideStoreDevtools({ maxAge: 25 }),
  ],
};

Utilisation dans un composant

export class AlbumListComponent {
  private store = inject(Store);

  albums$ = this.store.select(selectAllAlbums);
  loading$ = this.store.select(selectLoading);

  ngOnInit() {
    this.store.dispatch(loadAlbums());
  }
}

@if (loading$ | async) { <p>Chargement…</p> }
@for (album of albums$ | async; track album.id) {
  <app-album-card [album]="album" />
}

NgRx Classique vs Signal Store

Fonctionnalité	NgRx Classique	Signal Store
Patron	Redux	Natif Signals
Boilerplate	Élevé	Faible
DevTools	Redux DevTools	NgRx DevTools (Angular 17+)
Réactivité	Observables	Signals
Idéal pour	Grandes équipes, état complexe	Applications Angular modernes