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Lab 25: Server-Side Rendering (SSR)

📖 Resources​

🚀 Starter Code​

album-wholesale-v17-signal-pre-jest

In this lab you will enable Server-Side Rendering in the album wholesale app. SSR pre-renders pages on the server, improving initial load time and SEO. You will handle browser-only APIs safely, transfer state to avoid double fetching, and run the SSR server locally.

💡 How SSR Works​

With Client-Side Rendering (CSR), the server sends a blank HTML shell — the browser receives <app-root></app-root> empty, then downloads and executes JavaScript to build the page.

With Server-Side Rendering (SSR), the server renders the full HTML first. The browser receives a complete page, which is faster to display and indexable by search engines. Angular then hydrates the page — it attaches event listeners and takes over without re-rendering.

CSR flow:  Server → blank HTML → browser downloads JS → browser renders
SSR flow:  Server renders HTML → browser displays instantly → Angular hydrates

📝 Instructions​

Step 1: Add SSR to the Project​

ng add @angular/ssr

This schematic does all the heavy lifting. It:

  • Installs @angular/ssr and express
  • Creates src/main.server.ts — server bootstrap entry point
  • Creates server.ts — the Express HTTP server at project root
  • Creates src/app/app.config.server.ts — server-specific providers
  • Updates angular.json with "server" and "ssr" build options
  • Adds a serve:ssr script to package.json

Step 2: Review the Server Config​

Inspect the generated app.config.server.ts:

import { mergeApplicationConfig, ApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core';
import { provideServerRendering } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { appConfig } from './app.config';

const serverConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [provideServerRendering()],
};

export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, serverConfig);
Two configs, merged

Angular maintains two separate configs: app.config.ts for the browser and app.config.server.ts for the server. The server config uses mergeApplicationConfig to inherit all browser providers, then adds provideServerRendering() on top.

This separation matters: browser-only providers like provideStoreDevtools() (NgRx DevTools) stay in app.config.ts only — they must never appear in app.config.server.ts, where there is no browser environment to attach to.

Step 3: Guard Browser-Only Code​

The server has no access to window, localStorage, or document. Guard browser-only code with isPlatformBrowser:

import { PLATFORM_ID, inject } from '@angular/core';
import { isPlatformBrowser } from '@angular/common';

export class AlbumDetailComponent {
  private platformId = inject(PLATFORM_ID);

  ngOnInit() {
    if (isPlatformBrowser(this.platformId)) {
      // Safe to access window, localStorage, etc.
      const saved = localStorage.getItem('recentAlbums');
    }
  }
}

Step 4: Use afterNextRender for DOM Access​

Prefer afterNextRender (Angular 16+) over lifecycle hooks for browser-only side effects:

import { afterNextRender } from '@angular/core';

export class AlbumPlayerComponent {
  constructor() {
    afterNextRender(() => {
      // Runs only in the browser, after first render
      this.initAudioPlayer();
    });
  }
}
HttpClient on the server

HTTP requests made with HttpClient during SSR are automatically transferred to the browser via Angular's state transfer mechanism — the browser does not re-fetch them. This works automatically when you use provideHttpClient(withFetch()) in your app config. No extra code needed for standard API calls.

Step 5: Transfer State to Avoid Double Fetching​

Without transfer state, Angular re-fetches data in the browser even though the server already fetched it. Fix this with TransferState:

import { TransferState, makeStateKey } from '@angular/core';
import { inject } from '@angular/core';

const ALBUMS_KEY = makeStateKey<Album[]>('albums');

export class AlbumService {
  private transferState = inject(TransferState);
  private http = inject(HttpClient);

  getAlbums(): Observable<Album[]> {
    const cached = this.transferState.get(ALBUMS_KEY, null);
    if (cached) {
      this.transferState.remove(ALBUMS_KEY);
      return of(cached);
    }
    return this.http.get<Album[]>('/api/albums').pipe(
      tap(albums => this.transferState.set(ALBUMS_KEY, albums))
    );
  }
}

Also enable hydration in app.config.ts:

import { provideClientHydration } from '@angular/platform-browser';

export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [
    provideRouter(routes),
    provideHttpClient(),
    provideClientHydration(),
  ],
};

Step 6: Build and Run the SSR Server​

ng build

This generates two output folders inside dist/<project-name>/:

  • browser/ — static assets served to the client
  • server/ — Node.js server bundle

Tip: The exact dist path matches the outputPath in angular.json. Verify with ls dist/.

Run the SSR server:

node dist/album-wholesale-v17/server/server.mjs

Open http://localhost:4000 and check:

  • View source (Ctrl+U) — page HTML should already contain album content
  • Network tab — no extra API calls after hydration

Step 7: Verify SEO Improvement​

Open the page source and confirm:

  • <title> tag contains the album name
  • Meta description is present
  • Album list HTML is visible in the source (not just <app-root></app-root>)

This confirms the page is rendered on the server before being sent to the browser.

✅ Classroom Validation​

The clearest demo of SSR working: open DevTools → Network → refresh the page and click the initial HTML document request. Look at the Response tab.

  • CSR: you see <app-root></app-root> — empty, no content
  • SSR: you see full album list HTML inside <app-root> — rendered on the server

No plugins needed. This single comparison makes the value of SSR immediately tangible.