HTTP Client & Observables

HTTP Client Configuration

main.ts

import { provideHttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';

bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, {
  providers: [provideHttpClient()]
});

Basic HTTP Requests

import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { inject } from '@angular/core';

@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class UserService {
  http = inject(HttpClient);
  apiUrl = 'https://api.example.com/users';

  // GET
  getUsers() {
    return this.http.get<User[]>(this.apiUrl);
  }

  // GET by ID
  getUser(id: number) {
    return this.http.get<User>(`${this.apiUrl}/${id}`);
  }

  // POST
  createUser(user: User) {
    return this.http.post<User>(this.apiUrl, user);
  }

  // PUT
  updateUser(id: number, user: User) {
    return this.http.put<User>(`${this.apiUrl}/${id}`, user);
  }

  // PATCH
  patchUser(id: number, changes: Partial<User>) {
    return this.http.patch<User>(`${this.apiUrl}/${id}`, changes);
  }

  // DELETE
  deleteUser(id: number) {
    return this.http.delete(`${this.apiUrl}/${id}`);
  }
}

Using in Component

@Component({
  selector: 'app-user-list',
  template: `
    <div *ngFor="let user of users$ | async">
      {{ user.name }}
    </div>
  `
})
export class UserListComponent {
  userService = inject(UserService);
  users$ = this.userService.getUsers();

  // Ou avec subscribe
  users: User[] = [];

  ngOnInit() {
    this.userService.getUsers().subscribe({
      next: (data) => this.users = data,
      error: (err) => console.error(err),
      complete: () => console.log('Complete')
    });
  }
}

HTTP Headers & Params

import { HttpHeaders, HttpParams } from '@angular/common/http';

// Headers
const headers = new HttpHeaders({
  'Content-Type': 'application/json',
  'Authorization': 'Bearer token123'
});

this.http.get(url, { headers });

// Query params
const params = new HttpParams()
  .set('page', '1')
  .set('limit', '10')
  .set('sort', 'name');

this.http.get(url, { params });
// GET /api/users?page=1&limit=10&sort=name

// Ou avec la syntaxe objet
this.http.get(url, {
  params: { page: '1', limit: '10' }
});

Interceptors

import { HttpInterceptorFn } from '@angular/common/http';

export const authInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  const token = localStorage.getItem('token');

  if (token) {
    req = req.clone({
      setHeaders: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }
    });
  }

  return next(req);
};

// Fournir dans main.ts
provideHttpClient(
  withInterceptors([authInterceptor])
);

Error Handling

import { catchError, throwError } from 'rxjs';

getUsers() {
  return this.http.get<User[]>(this.apiUrl).pipe(
    catchError(error => {
      console.error('Error:', error);
      return throwError(() => new Error('Failed to load users'));
    })
  );
}

// In component
this.userService.getUsers().subscribe({
  next: data => this.users = data,
  error: err => this.errorMessage = err.message
});

Retry & Timeout

import { retry, timeout } from 'rxjs/operators';

getUsers() {
  return this.http.get<User[]>(this.apiUrl).pipe(
    timeout(5000), // 5 seconds
    retry(3), // Retry 3 times on failure
    catchError(this.handleError)
  );
}

Observable Operators

import { map, filter, tap } from 'rxjs/operators';

// Transform data
getActiveUsers() {
  return this.http.get<User[]>(this.apiUrl).pipe(
    map(users => users.filter(u => u.active)),
    tap(users => console.log('Active users:', users))
  );
}

// Chain requests
getUserWithPosts(userId: number) {
  return this.http.get<User>(`/users/${userId}`).pipe(
    switchMap(user =>
      this.http.get<Post[]>(`/posts?userId=${userId}`).pipe(
        map(posts => ({ user, posts }))
      )
    )
  );
}

Combining Observables

import { forkJoin, combineLatest } from 'rxjs';

// Attendre que toutes les requêtes soient terminées
loadData() {
  forkJoin({
    users: this.http.get<User[]>('/users'),
    posts: this.http.get<Post[]>('/posts'),
    comments: this.http.get<Comment[]>('/comments')
  }).subscribe(({ users, posts, comments }) => {
    // All data loaded
  });
}

// Émettre lors de changements
combineLatest([
  this.http.get<User[]>('/users'),
  this.http.get<Post[]>('/posts')
]).subscribe(([users, posts]) => {
  // Process combined data
});

Bonnes Pratiques

• Toujours se désabonner ou utiliser le pipe async
• Utiliser les intercepteurs pour l’auth, le logging, les erreurs
• Typer vos réponses HTTP
• Gérer les erreurs de manière élégante
• Utiliser retry pour les échecs transitoires
• Annuler les requêtes avec takeUntil()